Interest Rates

30-Year Fixed Rate Mortgage Average in the United States

30-year fixed mortgage rate — the rate most U.S. homebuyers pay. Directly tied to 10-year Treasury yields plus a spread. Use for housing affordability analysis, refinancing wave detection, and consumer balance sheet modeling. Weekly frequency.

3-Month Treasury Bill Secondary Market Rate, Discount Basis

Short-term risk-free rate based on 3-month Treasury bills. Used as the short rate in the NY Fed recession probability model. Liquid, minimal credit risk. Key input for the 10Y-3M yield spread, which has the strongest historical recession prediction record. Daily frequency.

Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis

Benchmark long-term U.S. government borrowing rate. Anchors mortgage rates, corporate bond yields, and equity discount rates. Widely used as the risk-free rate in financial models. Critical for duration risk, equity valuation, and global capital flow analysis. Daily frequency, 60+ year history.

Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 2-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis

Short-end U.S. Treasury yield most sensitive to Fed policy expectations. Moves closely with fed funds rate expectations. Primary input for yield curve spread calculations and rate cycle timing. Daily frequency with full derived metrics.

Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis

Ultra-long U.S. government bond yield representing 30-year borrowing costs. Most sensitive to long-run inflation expectations and fiscal concerns. Used for duration analysis and pension/insurance liability matching. Daily frequency.